OPT vs CPT for International Students: Maximize Your Work Experience

Introduction

As an international student studying in the United States on an F-1 visa, you may have the opportunity to gain valuable work experience through Optional Practical Training (OPT) or Curricular Practical Training (CPT). These programs allow you to apply your academic knowledge in a professional setting, enhancing your skills and making you more competitive in the job market. Understanding the differences between OPT and CPT is crucial for making an informed decision that aligns with your career goals.

Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Who is OPT Best Suited For?

OPT is ideal for international students who want to gain practical work experience directly related to their field of study after completing their degree program.

Key Requirements and Eligibility

- You must have been enrolled in a U.S. institution for at least one academic year.

- Your employment must be directly related to your major area of study.

- You must apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Duration and Timing

- OPT can be authorized for up to 12 months per degree level (e.g., bachelor's, master's, doctoral).

- For STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, an additional 24-month OPT STEM extension is available.

- You can apply for OPT up to 90 days before your program completion date and up to 60 days after.

Next Steps

1. Consult with your Designated School Official (DSO) to determine your eligibility and receive the necessary recommendation.

2. Submit Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, along with the required documents and fees to USCIS.

3. Once approved, you will receive an EAD card, which will allow you to start working in your field of study.

Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

Who is CPT Best Suited For?

CPT is an excellent option for international students whose degree program requires an internship, practicum, or other work-study component as an integral part of the curriculum.

Key Requirements and Eligibility

- The employment must be an essential part of your degree program's established curriculum.

- You must be enrolled in the course for which the CPT is authorized.

- Your DSO must authorize the CPT by updating your I-20 form.

Duration and Timing

- CPT can be authorized for part-time or full-time work.

- There is no specific time limit, but it must be completed before you graduate.

- CPT can be authorized during your academic program or during the breaks between semesters.

Next Steps

1. Consult with your academic advisor to ensure that the employment opportunity qualifies as CPT.

2. Obtain a job offer or internship that meets the CPT requirements.

3. Request CPT authorization from your DSO by providing the necessary documentation.

4. Once authorized, your DSO will update your I-20 form, and you can begin working.

Key Takeaways

- OPT provides broader work authorization and flexibility, while CPT is tailored to your academic program's requirements.

- OPT allows you to gain up to 36 months of work experience, including the STEM extension, while CPT is limited to your academic program's duration.

- Both OPT and CPT require compliance with specific regulations and procedures, so it's crucial to work closely with your DSO and follow the appropriate steps.

By understanding the differences between OPT and CPT, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your career goals and maximizes your practical training opportunities as an international student in the United States.